See duš- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*duṣ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *duṣ-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *duṣ-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दुष्-",
"3": "दुस्-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: दुष्- (duṣ-), दुस्- (dus-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: दुष्- (duṣ-), दुस्- (dus-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*duš-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *duš-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *duš- (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dus-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dus-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dus-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dus-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*duš-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/duš-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "*Hsu-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad"
],
"id": "en-duš--iir-pro-prefix-LwXUtonS",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "duš-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬎𐬱-",
"3": "𐬛𐬎𐬲-"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬎𐬱- (duš-), 𐬛𐬎𐬲- (duž-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬎𐬱- (duš-), 𐬛𐬎𐬲- (duž-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "duṣ-"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (duṣ-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (duṣ-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sogdo-Bactrian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "λρου-",
"3": "δρου-"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: λρου- (lrou-), δρου- (drou-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: λρου- (lrou-), δρου- (drou-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "دژ",
"alt": "دژ-"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: دژ- (dij-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: دژ- (dij-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "dij",
"alt": "dij-"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: dij-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: dij-, duj-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "دژ",
"alt": "دژ-"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: دژ- (dij-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: دژ- (dij-), دش- (diş-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mpr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"ts": "duž-, dōž-; diž-"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/duž-, dōž-; diž-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/duž-, dōž-; diž-/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫅𐫇𐫋",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫋 (dwj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫋 (dwj), 𐫅𐫏𐫋 (dyj)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-zgr-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "دژ",
"3": "دژە",
"alt": "دژ-",
"alt2": "دژە-",
"tr": "diž-",
"tr2": "diža-"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: دژ- (diž-), دژە- (diža-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: دژ- (diž-), دژە- (diža-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "diş",
"3": "dış",
"alt": "diş-",
"tr2": "deš-"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: diş-, dış (deš-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: diş-, dış (deš-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎯𐏁-",
"tr": "duš-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎯𐏁- (duš-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎯𐏁- (duš-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "duš-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/duš-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/duš-/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫅𐫇𐫢",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫢 (dwš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫢 (dwš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "dwš"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐭣𐭥𐭱",
"sc": "Phli",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭣𐭥𐭱 (dʿš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭣𐭥𐭱 (dʿš)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dus-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*duš-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dus-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dus-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*duš-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/duš-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "*Hhu-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gurani terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Parthian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad"
],
"id": "en-duš--ira-pro-prefix-LwXUtonS",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "duš-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*duṣ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *duṣ-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *duṣ-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दुष्-",
"3": "दुस्-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: दुष्- (duṣ-), दुस्- (dus-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: दुष्- (duṣ-), दुस्- (dus-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*duš-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *duš-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *duš- (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dus-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dus-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dus-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dus-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*duš-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/duš-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "*Hsu-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian prefixes",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dus-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"bad"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "duš-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬎𐬱-",
"3": "𐬛𐬎𐬲-"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬎𐬱- (duš-), 𐬛𐬎𐬲- (duž-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬎𐬱- (duš-), 𐬛𐬎𐬲- (duž-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "duṣ-"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (duṣ-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (duṣ-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sogdo-Bactrian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "λρου-",
"3": "δρου-"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: λρου- (lrou-), δρου- (drou-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: λρου- (lrou-), δρου- (drou-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "دژ",
"alt": "دژ-"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: دژ- (dij-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: دژ- (dij-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "dij",
"alt": "dij-"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: dij-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: dij-, duj-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "دژ",
"alt": "دژ-"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: دژ- (dij-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: دژ- (dij-), دش- (diş-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mpr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"ts": "duž-, dōž-; diž-"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/duž-, dōž-; diž-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/duž-, dōž-; diž-/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫅𐫇𐫋",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫋 (dwj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫋 (dwj), 𐫅𐫏𐫋 (dyj)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-zgr-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "دژ",
"3": "دژە",
"alt": "دژ-",
"alt2": "دژە-",
"tr": "diž-",
"tr2": "diža-"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: دژ- (diž-), دژە- (diža-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: دژ- (diž-), دژە- (diža-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "diş",
"3": "dış",
"alt": "diş-",
"tr2": "deš-"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: diş-, dış (deš-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: diş-, dış (deš-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎯𐏁-",
"tr": "duš-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎯𐏁- (duš-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎯𐏁- (duš-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "duš-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/duš-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/duš-/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫅𐫇𐫢",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫢 (dwš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫢 (dwš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "dwš"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐭣𐭥𐭱",
"sc": "Phli",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭣𐭥𐭱 (dʿš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭣𐭥𐭱 (dʿš)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dus-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*duš-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dus-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dus-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*duš-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/duš-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "*Hhu-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
"Gurani terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Middle Persian term requests",
"Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Parthian term requests",
"Parthian terms with redundant script codes",
"Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Iranian prefixes",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dus-",
"Proto-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Requests for Book Pahlavi script for Middle Persian terms",
"Requests for native script for Khotanese terms"
],
"glosses": [
"bad"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "duš-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for duš- meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.